Are antibiotics effective against which type of pathogen?

Antibiotics are specifically designed to combat bacterial infections and are effective against bacteria, making this the correct answer. They work by targeting specific features of bacterial cells, such as their cell wall, protein synthesis, or metabolic pathways, which are not present in human cells or in other types of pathogens. This selective action helps eliminate the bacteria while minimizing harm to the host’s cells.

In contrast, antibiotics have no effect on viruses, fungi, or parasites. Viruses operate differently, using the host's cellular machinery to replicate, so they require antiviral medications for treatment. Fungi, which are eukaryotic organisms, need antifungal agents, while parasites often require antiparasitic drugs, tailored to the specific type of parasitic infection. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for the effective treatment of infections and the responsible use of antibiotics to prevent the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.